:sǝɥɔʇɐW ǝʌᴉsnlɔuoɔuI
The British Empire
:sǝsso˥ ǝlqɐʇoN
:sǝᴉɹoʇɔᴉΛ ǝlqɐʇoN
sɹǝɥʇO
lnɟǝɹɐɔ ʇ,uǝɹɐ ʎǝɥʇ ɟᴉ ɟɟo llɐɟ oʇ ǝldoǝd ƃuᴉsnɐɔ 'uʍop ǝpᴉsdn sʇI :sǝssǝuʞɐǝM
lɐʇuǝuᴉʇuoƆ :ǝƃuɐɹ
(ʎƃɹǝuǝ pǝǝu sʇuǝuᴉʇuoƆ) ǝʇᴉuᴉɟuI :ɐuᴉɯɐʇS
lǝʌǝl ʇuǝuᴉʇuoƆ :ʎʇᴉlᴉqɐɹnp
uʍouʞu∩ :ɥʇƃuǝɹʇS ƃuᴉʞᴉɹʇS
(ʇɥƃᴉǝʍ uʍo sʇᴉ ʇɹoddns uɐƆ) ssɐlɔ ʇuǝuᴉʇuoƆ :ɥʇƃuǝɹʇS ƃuᴉʇɟᴉ˥
(ʎllᴉs 'ǝʌoɯ ʇ,uop sǝssɐɯpuɐ˥) ǝuoN :pǝǝdS
lǝʌǝl ʇuǝuᴉʇuoƆ :ʎɔuǝʇoԀ ʞɔɐʇʇ∀
uoᴉʇɐlndᴉuɐW ǝɯǝW :sǝᴉʇᴉlᴉq∀ puɐ sɹǝʍoԀ
ʇuǝuᴉʇuoƆ/puɐlsI :uoᴉʇɐɔᴉɟᴉssɐlƆ
plo sɹɐǝʎ ɟo suoᴉllᴉW :ǝƃ∀
ssɐW puɐ˥ :ɹǝpuǝפ
ǝɟᴉ˥ lɐǝɹ :uᴉƃᴉɹO
ɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀ :ǝɯɐN
lɐɔᴉɥʇʎW :ɹǝᴉ┴
sʇɐʇS puɐ sɹǝʍoԀ
˙ɯsᴉuɐɥɔǝɯ xᴉS snlԀ N∀ƎS∀ ǝɥʇ puɐ ɯnɹoℲ spuɐlsI ɔᴉɟᴉɔɐԀ 'uoᴉʇɐɹǝdooƆ ɔᴉɯouoɔƎ ɔᴉɟᴉɔɐԀ-ɐᴉs∀ 'uoᴉʇɐzᴉuɐƃɹO ǝpɐɹ┴ plɹoM '(pƆƎO) ʇuǝɯdolǝʌǝp puɐ uoᴉʇɐɹǝdo-oƆ ɔᴉɯouoɔƎ ɹoɟ uoᴉʇɐsᴉuɐƃɹO 'S∩ZN∀ 'suoᴉʇɐN ɟo ɥʇlɐǝʍuoɯɯoƆ '0ᄅפ 'suoᴉʇɐN pǝʇᴉu∩ ǝɥʇ ɟo ɹǝqɯǝɯ ɐ sᴉ ɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀ ˙sʎǝʌɹns ʎʇᴉlᴉqɐʌᴉl ǝʌᴉʇɐɹɐdɯoɔ lɐqolƃ uᴉ llǝʍ ƃuᴉɹɐɟ sǝᴉʇᴉɔ ɹoɾɐɯ sʇᴉ llɐ ɥʇᴉʍ [ƖƐ]'sʇɥƃᴉɹ lɐɔᴉʇᴉlod puɐ sǝᴉʇɹǝqᴉl lᴉʌᴉɔ 'ɯopǝǝɹɟ ɔᴉɯouoɔǝ 'uoᴉʇɐɔnpǝ 'ɥʇlɐǝɥ 'ǝɟᴉl ɟo ʎʇᴉlɐnb uᴉ ʎlɥƃᴉɥ sʞuɐɹ ʎɹʇunoɔ ǝɥʇ 'ʎllɐqolƃ ʎɔɐɹɔoɯǝp pǝʞuɐɹ ʇsǝɥƃᴉɥ-ɥʇɥƃᴉǝ ǝɥʇ puɐ xǝpuᴉ ʇuǝɯdolǝʌǝp uɐɯnɥ ʇsǝɥƃᴉɥ-pɹᴉɥʇ ǝɥʇ ƃuᴉʌɐH [6ᄅ]˙uoᴉʇɐlndod ǝɥʇ ɟo %9ᄅ ɹoɟ ƃuᴉʇunoɔɔɐ sʇuɐɹƃᴉɯɯᴉ ɥʇᴉʍ uoᴉʇɐlndod ʇuɐɹƃᴉɯɯᴉ ʇsǝƃɹɐl ɥʇ6 s,plɹoʍ ǝɥʇ sɐɥ ɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀ ˙ǝɹnʇᴉpuǝdxǝ ʎɹɐʇᴉlᴉɯ ʇsǝɥƃᴉɥ-ɥʇƐƖ s,plɹoʍ ǝɥʇ sɐɥ puɐ ɹǝʍod lɐuoᴉƃǝɹ ɐ sᴉ ɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀ ˙ǝɯoɔuᴉ ɐʇᴉdɐɔ ɹǝd ʇsǝɥƃᴉɥ-ɥʇuǝʇ s,plɹoʍ ǝɥʇ ɥʇᴉʍ 'ʎɯouoɔǝ ǝɯoɔuᴉ-ɥƃᴉɥ ɐ sɐɥ ʇI ˙ʎɯouoɔǝ ʇsǝƃɹɐl-ɥʇƐƖ s,plɹoʍ ǝɥʇ ɥʇᴉʍ 'ʎɹʇunoɔ pǝdolǝʌǝp ʎlɥƃᴉɥ ɐ sᴉ ɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀
˙sǝʇᴉs ɟo spuɐsnoɥʇ ɟo spǝɹpunɥ ssoɹɔɐ pɐǝɹds puɐ sɹɐǝʎ 000'09 sɐ ʞɔɐq ɹɐɟ sɐ ƃuᴉʇɐp 'plɹoʍ ǝɥʇ uᴉ ʇsǝɥɔᴉɹ puɐ ʇsǝplo ǝɥʇ sᴉ ʇɹɐ ʞɔoɹ uɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀ snouǝƃᴉpuI ˙ƃuᴉɹnʇɔɐɟnuɐɯ puɐ ƃuᴉʞuɐq 'suoᴉʇɐɔᴉunɯɯoɔǝlǝʇ 'sʇɹodxǝ pǝʇɐlǝɹ-ƃuᴉuᴉɯ ƃuᴉpnlɔuᴉ sǝɔɹnos snoᴉɹɐʌ ɯoɹɟ ǝɯoɔuᴉ sʇᴉ sǝʇɐɹǝuǝƃ ɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀ ˙plɹoʍ ǝɥʇ uᴉ ʇsǝʍol ǝɥʇ ƃuoɯɐ suᴉɐɯǝɹ 'ǝɹʇǝɯolᴉʞ ǝɹɐnbs ɹǝd sʇuɐʇᴉqɐɥuᴉ 8˙ᄅ 'ʎʇᴉsuǝp uoᴉʇɐlndod sʇᴉ 'ssǝlǝɥʇɹǝʌǝN ˙ʎɹʇunoɔ ǝɥʇ ɟo uoᴉʇɐlndod ǝɥʇ pǝʇsooq ɥɔᴉɥʍ 's0ϛ8Ɩ ʎlɹɐǝ ǝɥʇ uᴉ ɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀ uᴉ uɐƃǝq ɥsnɹ ploƃ ∀ ˙ʇsɐǝ-ɥʇnos ǝɥʇ uᴉ sǝƃuɐɹ uᴉɐʇunoɯ puɐ ʇsɐǝ-ɥʇɹou ǝɥʇ uᴉ sʇsǝɹoɟuᴉɐɹ lɐɔᴉdoɹʇ 'ǝɹʇuǝɔ ǝɥʇ uᴉ sʇɹǝsǝp ɥʇᴉʍ 'sǝdɐɔspuɐl ɟo ʎʇǝᴉɹɐʌ ǝpᴉʍ ɐ ʇᴉ sǝʌᴉƃ ǝzᴉs sʇᴉ 'ʎɹʇunoɔ ǝsɹǝʌᴉpɐƃǝɯ ∀ ˙(ᴉɯ bs 00Ɛ'Ɩㄣ6'ᄅ) sǝɹʇǝɯolᴉʞ ǝɹɐnbs 0Ɛ6'ㄥƖ9'ㄥ ɟo ssɐɯpuɐl ɐ sɐɥ ɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀ 'slᴉos ǝlᴉʇɹǝɟ ʇsɐǝl ǝɥʇ ɥʇᴉʍ 'ʇuǝuᴉʇuoɔ pǝʇᴉqɐɥuᴉ ʇsǝᴉɹp puɐ ʇsǝʇʇɐlɟ 'ʇsǝplo ǝɥʇ ƃuᴉǝq
˙sǝᴉɹoʇᴉɹɹǝʇ lɐɹǝʌǝs puɐ sǝʇɐʇs xᴉs ƃuᴉsᴉɹdɯoɔ ʎɥɔɹɐuoɯ lɐuoᴉʇnʇᴉʇsuoɔ ʎɹɐʇuǝɯɐᴉlɹɐd lɐɹǝpǝɟ ɐ sɐ suoᴉʇɔunɟ ʇɐɥʇ ɯǝʇsʎs lɐɔᴉʇᴉlod ɔᴉʇɐɹɔoɯǝp lɐɹǝqᴉl ǝlqɐʇs ɐ pǝuᴉɐʇuᴉɐɯ ǝɔuᴉs sɐɥ ɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀ ˙ɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀ ɟo ɥʇlɐǝʍuoɯɯoƆ ǝɥʇ ƃuᴉɯɹoɟ 'pǝʇɐɹǝpǝɟ sǝᴉuoloɔ xᴉs ǝɥʇ 'Ɩ06Ɩ ʎɹɐnuɐſ Ɩ uO ˙pǝɥsᴉlqɐʇsǝ sǝᴉuoloɔ uʍoɹɔ ƃuᴉuɹǝʌoƃ-ɟlǝs ǝʌᴉɟ lɐuoᴉʇᴉppɐ uɐ puɐ pǝɹoldxǝ uǝǝq pɐɥ ʇuǝuᴉʇuoɔ ǝɥʇ ɟo ʇsoɯ s0ϛ8Ɩ ǝɥʇ ʎq puɐ 'sǝpɐɔǝp ʇuǝnbǝsqns uᴉ ʎlᴉpɐǝʇs ʍǝɹƃ uoᴉʇɐlndod ǝɥ┴ ˙ʎɐp lɐuoᴉʇɐu s,ɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀ ǝɯɐɔǝq ɥɔᴉɥʍ ǝʇɐp ɐ '88ㄥƖ ʎɹɐnuɐſ 9ᄅ ɯoɹɟ sǝlɐM ɥʇnoS ʍǝN ɟo ʎuoloɔ ǝɥʇ oʇ uoᴉʇɐʇɹodsuɐɹʇ lɐuǝd ɥƃnoɹɥʇ pǝlʇʇǝs ʎllɐᴉʇᴉuᴉ puɐ 0ㄥㄥƖ uᴉ uᴉɐʇᴉɹq ʇɐǝɹפ ʎq pǝɯᴉɐlɔ sɐʍ ɟlɐɥ uɹǝʇsɐǝ s,ɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀ 'puɐlloH ʍǝN ʇᴉ pǝɯɐu oɥʍ '909Ɩ uᴉ sɹǝɹoldxǝ ɥɔʇnp ʎq ʇuǝuᴉʇuoɔ ǝɥʇ ɟo ʎɹǝʌoɔsᴉp uɐǝdoɹnƎ ǝɥʇ ɹǝʇɟ∀ ˙sdnoɹƃ 0ϛᄅ ʇnoqɐ oʇuᴉ pǝᴉɟᴉssɐlɔ ǝq uɐɔ ʇɐɥʇ sǝƃɐnƃuɐl ǝʞods sǝuᴉƃᴉɹoq∀ ʇɐɥʇ pǝʇuǝɯnɔop sᴉ ʇI ˙ʎɹnʇuǝɔ ɥʇ8Ɩ ǝʇɐl ǝɥʇ uᴉ ʇuǝɯǝlʇʇǝs ɥsᴉʇᴉɹq ʇsɹᴉɟ ǝɥʇ ǝɹoɟǝq sɹɐǝʎ 000'09 ʇnoqɐ ɹoɟ suɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀ snouǝƃᴉpuᴉ ʎq pǝʇᴉqɐɥuᴉ sɐʍ ɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀
˙ǝpᴉɐlǝp∀ puɐ ɥʇɹǝԀ 'ǝuɐqsᴉɹq 'ǝuɹnoqlǝW ǝɹɐ sɐǝɹɐ uɐʇᴉlodoɹʇǝɯ ɹoɾɐɯ ɹǝɥʇo s,ʎɹʇunoɔ ǝɥ┴ ˙ʎǝupʎS sᴉ ʎʇᴉɔ ʇsǝƃɹɐl sʇᴉ puɐ 'ɐɹɹǝquɐƆ sᴉ lɐʇᴉdɐɔ s,ɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀ [ᄅƖ]˙pɹɐoqɐǝs uɹǝʇsɐǝ ǝɥʇ uo pǝʇɐɹʇuǝɔuoɔ ʎlᴉʌɐǝɥ puɐ pǝsᴉuɐqɹn ʎlɥƃᴉɥ sᴉ [9]uoᴉllᴉɯ ϛᄅ ɟo uoᴉʇɐlndod ǝɥ┴ ˙ʇsɐǝ-ɥʇnos ǝɥʇ oʇ puɐlɐǝZ ʍǝN puɐ ;ʇsɐǝ-ɥʇɹou ǝɥʇ oʇ nʇɐnuɐΛ puɐ spuɐlsI uoɯoloS ǝɥʇ ;ɥʇɹou ǝɥʇ oʇ ɹoɯᴉ┴ ʇsɐƎ puɐ ɐᴉsǝuopuI 'ɐǝuᴉnפ ʍǝN ɐndɐԀ ǝɹɐ sǝᴉɹʇunoɔ ƃuᴉɹnoqɥƃᴉǝu ǝɥ┴ ˙ɐǝɹɐ lɐʇoʇ ʎq ʎɹʇunoɔ ʇsǝƃɹɐl-ɥʇxᴉs s,plɹoʍ ǝɥʇ puɐ ɐᴉuɐǝɔO uᴉ ʎɹʇunoɔ ʇsǝƃɹɐl ǝɥʇ sᴉ ʇI ˙spuɐlsᴉ ɹǝllɐɯs snoɹǝɯnu puɐ ɐᴉuɐɯsɐ┴ ɟo puɐlsᴉ ǝɥʇ 'ʇuǝuᴉʇuoɔ uɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀ ǝɥʇ ɟo puɐluᴉɐɯ ǝɥʇ ƃuᴉsᴉɹdɯoɔ ʎɹʇunoɔ uƃᴉǝɹǝʌos ɐ sᴉ [ƖƖ]'ɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀ ɟo ɥʇlɐǝʍuoɯɯoƆ ǝɥʇ ʎllɐᴉɔᴉɟɟo 'ɐᴉlɐɹʇsn∀
